Journal Masthead

Europe Conventions:
Kerkstraat 122/1
BE 1653 Dworp, Belgium
Tel: +32 2 345 7971
Fax: +32 2 345 3419
Email for convention information

Europe Services:
B.P. 20048, FR-94364 Bry Sur Marne Cedex, France
Tel: +33 1 4881 4632
Email for membership and publication sales

AES Japan Section
2-19-9 Yayoi-cho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo
164-0013, Japan
Tel: +81 3 5358 7320
Fax: +81 3 5358 7328
e-mail

British Section
Audio Engineering Society Ltd.
P.O. Box 645
Slough, SL1 8BJ
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1628 663725
e-mail

Eastern Region, USA/Canada
Sections: Atlanta, Boston, District of Columbia, New York, Philadelphia, Toronto
Student Sections: American University, Appalachian State University, Atlanta Student, Bay State College, Berklee College of Music, Boston University CDIA, Carnegie Mellon University, Duquesne University, Emerson College, Fredonia, Full Sail Real World Education, IADT Tampa, Institute of Audio Research, Ithaca College, London Ontario Student, McGill University, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Communications, New York University, Old Dominion University, Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins Univ., Pennsylvania State University, Shenandoah University, Univ. of North Carolina at Asheville, University of Hartford, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, University of Miami, University of New Haven, Valencia College, William Paterson University

Central Region, USA/Canada
Sections: Central Indiana, Central Texas, Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit, Heartland, Kansas City, Nashville, New Orleans, St. Louis, Upper Midwest, West Michigan
Student Sections: Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville, Ball State University, Belmont University, Capital University, Columbia College, IADT Nashville, Indiana University, Institute of Production & Recording, Kansas City Kansas Community College, McNally Smith College of Music, Michigan Technological University, Middle Tennessee State University, Purdue University, Ridgewater College, Hutchinson Campus, SAE Nashville, Southern Illinois University, Tribeca Flashpoint Media Arts Academy, University of Arkansas - Pine Bluff, University of Central Missouri, University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign, University of Memphis, University of Michigan, Webster University

Western Region, USA/Canada
Sections: Alberta, Colorado, Los Angeles, Pacific Northwest, Portland, Sacramento Valley, San Francisco, Southern Nevada, Vancouver
Student Sections: American River Regional, Art Institute of Las Vegas, Art Institute of Seattle, Brigham Young University, Cal Poly Pomona, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, California State University-Chico, Citrus College, Cogswell Polytechnical College, Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences, Expression College for Digital Arts, Long Beach City College, Loyola Marymount University, San Francisco State University, Southwestern College, Stanford University, University of Colorado at Denver, University of Lethbridge, University of Southern California

Northern Region, Europe
Sections: Belgian, British, Danish, Finnish, Moscow, Netherlands, Norwegian, St. Petersburg, Swedish
Student Sections: Danish Student, London UK, Netherlands Student, Russian Academy of Music, St. Petersburg Student, University of Lulea-Pitea, University of York

Central Region, Europe
Sections: Austrian, Central German, Czech, Hungarian, Lithuanian, North German, Polish, Slovak, South German, Swiss, Ukrainian
Student Sections: Aachen, Berlin, Czech Republic Student, Darmstadt, Detmold, Duesseldorf, Graz Student, Hamburg Student, Ilmenau, Krakow Student, Technical University of Gdansk (Poland), Vienna, Wroclaw University of Technology

Southern Region, Europe
Sections: Bulgarian, Croatian, French, Greek, Israel, Italian, Portugal, Romanian, Serbia, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish
Student Sections: Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey, Conservatoire de Paris, Croatian Student, Galatasaray ITM, Istanbul, Turkey, Louis-Lumiere, Microfusa Barcelona Student, Serbian Student

Latin American Region
Sections: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Puebla, Uruguay
Student Sections: Academia de Musica Fermatta, Cochabamba, Del Bosque University, Ecos Escuela de Sonido, I.A.V. Student, Instituto Mendocino de Audio y Sonido, Javeriana University, O.R.T. Institute, Orson Welles Institute, SAE Institute Mexico, Sala de Audio, Sonar Escuela de Sonido, Tecnológico de Monterrey - Monterrey Campus, Tecnológico de Monterrey - Santa Fe Campus, Universidad de San Buenaventura

International Region
Sections: Adelaide, Beijing, Brisbane, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Melbourne, Philippines, Singapore, Sydney
Student Sections: Greater Sydney, Japan Student

(ISSN 1549-4950) Published monthly, except January/February and July/August when published bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-2520, USA, Telephone: +1 212 661 8528. Fax: +1 212 682 0477. Send Email. Periodical postage paid at New York, New York, and at an additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address corrections to Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-2520. The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements made by its contributors.

Bozena Kostek - editor-in-chief
Francis Rumsey - consultant technical writer & editor
Søren Bech - associate technical editor
Elizabeth Cohen - associate technical editor
Jeremy Cooperstock - associate technical editor
Diemer de Vries - associate technical editor
Christof Faller - associate technical editor
Andreas Floros - associate technical editor
Woon-Seng Gan - associate technical editor
James D. Johnston - associate technical editor
Jean-Marc Jot - associate technical editor
Francis (Feng) Li - associate technical editor
Robert C. Maher - associate technical editor
Aki Mäkivirta - associate technical editor
Dan Mapes-Riordan - associate technical editor
Francesco Martellotta - associate technical editor
Jorge Mendoza-López - associate technical editor
Thomas Sporer - associate technical editor
Sascha Spors - associate technical editor
Tony Stockman - associate technical editor
Lamberto Tronchin - associate technical editor
Xiaojun Qiu - associate technical editor
Toon van Waterschoot - associate technical editor
Nick Zacharov - associate technical editor
William T. McQuaide - managing editor
Mary Ellen Ilich - senior editor
Barry A. Blesser - consulting technical editor

Purpose: The Audio Engineering Society is organized for the purpose of: uniting persons performing professional services in the audio engineering field and its allied arts; collecting, collating, and disseminating scientific knowledge in the field of audio engineering and its allied arts; advancing such science in both theoretical and practical applications; and preparing, publishing, and distributing literature and periodicals relative to the foregoing purposes and policies.

Membership: Individuals who are interested in audio engineering may become members of the AES. Applications are considered by the Admissions Committee. Grades and annual dues are: Full members and associate members, $149 for both the printed and online Journal; $99 for online Journal only. Student members; $89 for printed and online Journal; $39 for online Journal only. A subscription to the Journal is included with all memberships. Sustaining memberships are available to persons, corporations, or organizations who wish to support the Society.