Forensic Authenticity Analyses of the Metadata in Re-Encoded M4A iPhone iOS 12.1.2 Voice Memos Files
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BR. E.. Koenig, and DO. S.. Lacey, "Forensic Authenticity Analyses of the Metadata in Re-Encoded M4A iPhone iOS 12.1.2 Voice Memos Files," Paper 14, (2019 June.). doi:
BR. E.. Koenig, and DO. S.. Lacey, "Forensic Authenticity Analyses of the Metadata in Re-Encoded M4A iPhone iOS 12.1.2 Voice Memos Files," Paper 14, (2019 June.). doi:
Abstract: Detailed digital data analyses were conducted of the metadata contained in a lossy and a lossless file produced on the iPhone Voice Memos app in iOS 12.1.2. The lossy file was re-encoded with four (4) common audio/media editing programs, producing a total of five (5) separate M4A files. The lossless file was exported to a new lossless file using one (1) of the editing programs, and converted to a new lossless file with iTunes, using an intermediate PCM WAV file. The purpose of this research was to identify changes made to the basic M4A file structure and metadata content by the re-encoding processes as they relate to forensic audio authenticity examinations. The research found that the re-encoding processes produced clearly discernible differences, compared to the original M4A files. The M4A metadata format structure, the procedures followed, the changes identified in the metadata of the re-encoded files, and a discussion of the authenticity implications are listed.
@article{koenig2019forensic,
author={koenig, bruce e. and lacey, douglas s.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={forensic authenticity analyses of the metadata in re-encoded m4a iphone ios 12.1.2 voice memos files},
year={2019},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={june},}
@article{koenig2019forensic,
author={koenig, bruce e. and lacey, douglas s.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={forensic authenticity analyses of the metadata in re-encoded m4a iphone ios 12.1.2 voice memos files},
year={2019},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={june},
abstract={detailed digital data analyses were conducted of the metadata contained in a lossy and a lossless file produced on the iphone voice memos app in ios 12.1.2. the lossy file was re-encoded with four (4) common audio/media editing programs, producing a total of five (5) separate m4a files. the lossless file was exported to a new lossless file using one (1) of the editing programs, and converted to a new lossless file with itunes, using an intermediate pcm wav file. the purpose of this research was to identify changes made to the basic m4a file structure and metadata content by the re-encoding processes as they relate to forensic audio authenticity examinations. the research found that the re-encoding processes produced clearly discernible differences, compared to the original m4a files. the m4a metadata format structure, the procedures followed, the changes identified in the metadata of the re-encoded files, and a discussion of the authenticity implications are listed.},}
TY - paper
TI - Forensic Authenticity Analyses of the Metadata in Re-Encoded M4A iPhone iOS 12.1.2 Voice Memos Files
SP -
EP -
AU - Koenig, Bruce E.
AU - Lacey, Douglas S.
PY - 2019
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - June 2019
TY - paper
TI - Forensic Authenticity Analyses of the Metadata in Re-Encoded M4A iPhone iOS 12.1.2 Voice Memos Files
SP -
EP -
AU - Koenig, Bruce E.
AU - Lacey, Douglas S.
PY - 2019
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - June 2019
AB - Detailed digital data analyses were conducted of the metadata contained in a lossy and a lossless file produced on the iPhone Voice Memos app in iOS 12.1.2. The lossy file was re-encoded with four (4) common audio/media editing programs, producing a total of five (5) separate M4A files. The lossless file was exported to a new lossless file using one (1) of the editing programs, and converted to a new lossless file with iTunes, using an intermediate PCM WAV file. The purpose of this research was to identify changes made to the basic M4A file structure and metadata content by the re-encoding processes as they relate to forensic audio authenticity examinations. The research found that the re-encoding processes produced clearly discernible differences, compared to the original M4A files. The M4A metadata format structure, the procedures followed, the changes identified in the metadata of the re-encoded files, and a discussion of the authenticity implications are listed.
Detailed digital data analyses were conducted of the metadata contained in a lossy and a lossless file produced on the iPhone Voice Memos app in iOS 12.1.2. The lossy file was re-encoded with four (4) common audio/media editing programs, producing a total of five (5) separate M4A files. The lossless file was exported to a new lossless file using one (1) of the editing programs, and converted to a new lossless file with iTunes, using an intermediate PCM WAV file. The purpose of this research was to identify changes made to the basic M4A file structure and metadata content by the re-encoding processes as they relate to forensic audio authenticity examinations. The research found that the re-encoding processes produced clearly discernible differences, compared to the original M4A files. The M4A metadata format structure, the procedures followed, the changes identified in the metadata of the re-encoded files, and a discussion of the authenticity implications are listed.
Authors:
Koenig, Bruce E.; Lacey, Douglas S.
Affiliations:
BEK TEK LLC, Palm Harbor, FL, USA; BEK TEC LLC, Stafford, VA, USA(See document for exact affiliation information.)
AES Conference:
2019 AES International Conference on Audio Forensics (June 2019)
Paper Number:
14
Publication Date:
June 8, 2019Import into BibTeX
Permalink:
http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=20467
