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T. Mellow, "How Do We Make an Electrostatic Loudspeaker with Constant Directivity?," Paper 9909, (2018 May.). doi: T. Mellow, "How Do We Make an Electrostatic Loudspeaker with Constant Directivity?," Paper 9909, (2018 May.). doi:
Abstract: The idea of broadening the directivity pattern of a push-pull electrostatic loudspeaker by partitioning the stators into concentric annular rings, which are connected to tappings along a delay line, isn't new. However, the delay line has traditionally been attenuated to avoid response irregularities due to the finite size of the membrane. An alternative approach is presented here whereby a constant-impedance delay line is configured to imitate an oscillating sphere, which is an ideal constant-directivity dipole source that needs no attenuation. Walker's equation for the on-axis pressure does not account for the effect of the delay line without taking the vector sum of the currents though all the rings, so a simple alternative that does is presented here.

@article{mellow2018how,
author={mellow, tim},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={how do we make an electrostatic loudspeaker with constant directivity?},
year={2018},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={may},} @article{mellow2018how,
author={mellow, tim},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={how do we make an electrostatic loudspeaker with constant directivity?},
year={2018},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={may},
abstract={the idea of broadening the directivity pattern of a push-pull electrostatic loudspeaker by partitioning the stators into concentric annular rings, which are connected to tappings along a delay line, isn't new. however, the delay line has traditionally been attenuated to avoid response irregularities due to the finite size of the membrane. an alternative approach is presented here whereby a constant-impedance delay line is configured to imitate an oscillating sphere, which is an ideal constant-directivity dipole source that needs no attenuation. walker's equation for the on-axis pressure does not account for the effect of the delay line without taking the vector sum of the currents though all the rings, so a simple alternative that does is presented here.},}

TY - paper
TI - How Do We Make an Electrostatic Loudspeaker with Constant Directivity?
SP - EP -
AU - Mellow, Tim
PY - 2018
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - May 2018 TY - paper
TI - How Do We Make an Electrostatic Loudspeaker with Constant Directivity?
SP - EP -
AU - Mellow, Tim
PY - 2018
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - May 2018
AB - The idea of broadening the directivity pattern of a push-pull electrostatic loudspeaker by partitioning the stators into concentric annular rings, which are connected to tappings along a delay line, isn't new. However, the delay line has traditionally been attenuated to avoid response irregularities due to the finite size of the membrane. An alternative approach is presented here whereby a constant-impedance delay line is configured to imitate an oscillating sphere, which is an ideal constant-directivity dipole source that needs no attenuation. Walker's equation for the on-axis pressure does not account for the effect of the delay line without taking the vector sum of the currents though all the rings, so a simple alternative that does is presented here.