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C. Chau, SA. M.. Gilburt, R. Mo, and A. Horner, "The Emotional Characteristics of Bowed String Instruments with Different Pitch and Dynamics," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 65, no. 7/8, pp. 573-588, (2017 July.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2017.0020 C. Chau, SA. M.. Gilburt, R. Mo, and A. Horner, "The Emotional Characteristics of Bowed String Instruments with Different Pitch and Dynamics," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 65 Issue 7/8 pp. 573-588, (2017 July.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2017.0020
Abstract: This paper investigates how emotional characteristics vary with pitch and dynamics within the bowed string instrument family. Listening tests compared the effects of pitch and dynamics on emotional characteristics of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Listeners compared the sounds pairwise over ten emotional categories. Results showed that the emotional characteristics Happy, Heroic, Romantic, Comic, and Calm generally increased with pitch, but decreased at the highest pitches. Angry and Sad generally decreased with pitch. Scary was strong in the extreme low and high registers, while Shy and Mysterious were unaffected by pitch. For dynamics, the results showed that Heroic, Comic, and Angry were stronger for loud notes, while Romantic, Calm, Shy, Sad, and the high register for Happy were stronger for soft notes. Scary and Mysterious were unaffected by dynamics. The results also showed significant differences between different bowed string instruments on notes of the same pitch and dynamic level. The results provide audio engineers and musicians with suggestions for emphasizing emotional characteristics of bowed strings in sound recordings and performances.

@article{chau2017the,
author={chau, chuck-jee and gilburt, samuel j. m. and mo, ronald and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={the emotional characteristics of bowed string instruments with different pitch and dynamics},
year={2017},
volume={65},
number={7/8},
pages={573-588},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2017.0020},
month={july},} @article{chau2017the,
author={chau, chuck-jee and gilburt, samuel j. m. and mo, ronald and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={the emotional characteristics of bowed string instruments with different pitch and dynamics},
year={2017},
volume={65},
number={7/8},
pages={573-588},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2017.0020},
month={july},
abstract={this paper investigates how emotional characteristics vary with pitch and dynamics within the bowed string instrument family. listening tests compared the effects of pitch and dynamics on emotional characteristics of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. listeners compared the sounds pairwise over ten emotional categories. results showed that the emotional characteristics happy, heroic, romantic, comic, and calm generally increased with pitch, but decreased at the highest pitches. angry and sad generally decreased with pitch. scary was strong in the extreme low and high registers, while shy and mysterious were unaffected by pitch. for dynamics, the results showed that heroic, comic, and angry were stronger for loud notes, while romantic, calm, shy, sad, and the high register for happy were stronger for soft notes. scary and mysterious were unaffected by dynamics. the results also showed significant differences between different bowed string instruments on notes of the same pitch and dynamic level. the results provide audio engineers and musicians with suggestions for emphasizing emotional characteristics of bowed strings in sound recordings and performances.},}

TY - paper
TI - The Emotional Characteristics of Bowed String Instruments with Different Pitch and Dynamics
SP - 573 EP - 588
AU - Chau, Chuck-jee
AU - Gilburt, Samuel J. M.
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2017
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 7/8
VO - 65
VL - 65
Y1 - July 2017 TY - paper
TI - The Emotional Characteristics of Bowed String Instruments with Different Pitch and Dynamics
SP - 573 EP - 588
AU - Chau, Chuck-jee
AU - Gilburt, Samuel J. M.
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2017
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 7/8
VO - 65
VL - 65
Y1 - July 2017
AB - This paper investigates how emotional characteristics vary with pitch and dynamics within the bowed string instrument family. Listening tests compared the effects of pitch and dynamics on emotional characteristics of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Listeners compared the sounds pairwise over ten emotional categories. Results showed that the emotional characteristics Happy, Heroic, Romantic, Comic, and Calm generally increased with pitch, but decreased at the highest pitches. Angry and Sad generally decreased with pitch. Scary was strong in the extreme low and high registers, while Shy and Mysterious were unaffected by pitch. For dynamics, the results showed that Heroic, Comic, and Angry were stronger for loud notes, while Romantic, Calm, Shy, Sad, and the high register for Happy were stronger for soft notes. Scary and Mysterious were unaffected by dynamics. The results also showed significant differences between different bowed string instruments on notes of the same pitch and dynamic level. The results provide audio engineers and musicians with suggestions for emphasizing emotional characteristics of bowed strings in sound recordings and performances.