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R. Mo, GA. LA. Choi, C. Lee, and A. Horner, "The Effects of MP3 Compression on Perceived Emotional Characteristics in Musical Instruments," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 858-867, (2016 November.). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0031 R. Mo, GA. LA. Choi, C. Lee, and A. Horner, "The Effects of MP3 Compression on Perceived Emotional Characteristics in Musical Instruments," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 64 Issue 11 pp. 858-867, (2016 November.). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0031
Abstract: Musical instrument sounds have distinct timbral and emotional characteristics that can change when audio processing is applied. This paper investigates the effects of MP3 compression on the emotional characteristics of eight sustained instrument sounds using listening tests. The experimental paradigm involved a pairwise comparison of compressed and uncompressed samples at several bit rates over ten emotional categories. The results showed that MP3 compression strengthened neutral and negative emotional characteristics such as Mysterious, Shy, Scary, and Sad, and weakened positive emotional characteristics such as Happy, Heroic, Romantic, Comic, and Calm. Angry was relatively unaffected by MP3 compression, probably because the background “growl” artifacts added by MP3 compression decreased positive emotional characteristics and increased negative characteristics such as Mysterious and Scary. Compression effected some instruments more and others less; trumpet was the most effected and the horn the least.

@article{mo2016the,
author={mo, ronald and choi, ga lam and lee, chung and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={the effects of mp3 compression on perceived emotional characteristics in musical instruments},
year={2016},
volume={64},
number={11},
pages={858-867},
doi={http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0031},
month={november},} @article{mo2016the,
author={mo, ronald and choi, ga lam and lee, chung and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={the effects of mp3 compression on perceived emotional characteristics in musical instruments},
year={2016},
volume={64},
number={11},
pages={858-867},
doi={http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0031},
month={november},
abstract={musical instrument sounds have distinct timbral and emotional characteristics that can change when audio processing is applied. this paper investigates the effects of mp3 compression on the emotional characteristics of eight sustained instrument sounds using listening tests. the experimental paradigm involved a pairwise comparison of compressed and uncompressed samples at several bit rates over ten emotional categories. the results showed that mp3 compression strengthened neutral and negative emotional characteristics such as mysterious, shy, scary, and sad, and weakened positive emotional characteristics such as happy, heroic, romantic, comic, and calm. angry was relatively unaffected by mp3 compression, probably because the background “growl” artifacts added by mp3 compression decreased positive emotional characteristics and increased negative characteristics such as mysterious and scary. compression effected some instruments more and others less; trumpet was the most effected and the horn the least.},}

TY - paper
TI - The Effects of MP3 Compression on Perceived Emotional Characteristics in Musical Instruments
SP - 858 EP - 867
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - Choi, Ga Lam
AU - Lee, Chung
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2016
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 11
VO - 64
VL - 64
Y1 - November 2016 TY - paper
TI - The Effects of MP3 Compression on Perceived Emotional Characteristics in Musical Instruments
SP - 858 EP - 867
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - Choi, Ga Lam
AU - Lee, Chung
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2016
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 11
VO - 64
VL - 64
Y1 - November 2016
AB - Musical instrument sounds have distinct timbral and emotional characteristics that can change when audio processing is applied. This paper investigates the effects of MP3 compression on the emotional characteristics of eight sustained instrument sounds using listening tests. The experimental paradigm involved a pairwise comparison of compressed and uncompressed samples at several bit rates over ten emotional categories. The results showed that MP3 compression strengthened neutral and negative emotional characteristics such as Mysterious, Shy, Scary, and Sad, and weakened positive emotional characteristics such as Happy, Heroic, Romantic, Comic, and Calm. Angry was relatively unaffected by MP3 compression, probably because the background “growl” artifacts added by MP3 compression decreased positive emotional characteristics and increased negative characteristics such as Mysterious and Scary. Compression effected some instruments more and others less; trumpet was the most effected and the horn the least.