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E. Skovenborg, and T. Lund, "Loudness Descriptors to Characterize Wide Loudness-Range Material," Paper 7948, (2009 October.). doi: E. Skovenborg, and T. Lund, "Loudness Descriptors to Characterize Wide Loudness-Range Material," Paper 7948, (2009 October.). doi:
Abstract: Previously we introduced the concept of loudness descriptors – key numbers to summarize loudness properties of a broadcast programme or music track. This paper presents the descriptors: Foreground Loudness, which measures the level of foreground sound, and Loudness Range, which quantifies the variation in loudness. Wide loudness-range material may benefit from level-alignment based on foreground loudness rather than overall loudness. We propose to use these descriptors for loudness profiling and alignment, especially when live, raw, and film material is combined with other broadcast programs, thereby minimizing level-jumps and also applying appropriate dynamics-processing. Finally, we introduce the “zap test” which can objectively characterize the quality of loudness-balancing schemes, based on statistics of the potential loudness-jumps. A study of loudness-jump tolerance is presented, considering loudness-jumps from a subjective point of view.

@article{skovenborg2009loudness,
author={skovenborg, esben and lund, thomas},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={loudness descriptors to characterize wide loudness-range material},
year={2009},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={october},} @article{skovenborg2009loudness,
author={skovenborg, esben and lund, thomas},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={loudness descriptors to characterize wide loudness-range material},
year={2009},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={october},
abstract={previously we introduced the concept of loudness descriptors – key numbers to summarize loudness properties of a broadcast programme or music track. this paper presents the descriptors: foreground loudness, which measures the level of foreground sound, and loudness range, which quantifies the variation in loudness. wide loudness-range material may benefit from level-alignment based on foreground loudness rather than overall loudness. we propose to use these descriptors for loudness profiling and alignment, especially when live, raw, and film material is combined with other broadcast programs, thereby minimizing level-jumps and also applying appropriate dynamics-processing. finally, we introduce the “zap test” which can objectively characterize the quality of loudness-balancing schemes, based on statistics of the potential loudness-jumps. a study of loudness-jump tolerance is presented, considering loudness-jumps from a subjective point of view.},}

TY - paper
TI - Loudness Descriptors to Characterize Wide Loudness-Range Material
SP - EP -
AU - Skovenborg, Esben
AU - Lund, Thomas
PY - 2009
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - October 2009 TY - paper
TI - Loudness Descriptors to Characterize Wide Loudness-Range Material
SP - EP -
AU - Skovenborg, Esben
AU - Lund, Thomas
PY - 2009
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - October 2009
AB - Previously we introduced the concept of loudness descriptors – key numbers to summarize loudness properties of a broadcast programme or music track. This paper presents the descriptors: Foreground Loudness, which measures the level of foreground sound, and Loudness Range, which quantifies the variation in loudness. Wide loudness-range material may benefit from level-alignment based on foreground loudness rather than overall loudness. We propose to use these descriptors for loudness profiling and alignment, especially when live, raw, and film material is combined with other broadcast programs, thereby minimizing level-jumps and also applying appropriate dynamics-processing. Finally, we introduce the “zap test” which can objectively characterize the quality of loudness-balancing schemes, based on statistics of the potential loudness-jumps. A study of loudness-jump tolerance is presented, considering loudness-jumps from a subjective point of view.