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ST. J.. Welburn, and MA. D.. Plumbley, "Rendering Audio Using Expressive MIDI," Paper 7862, (2009 October.). doi: ST. J.. Welburn, and MA. D.. Plumbley, "Rendering Audio Using Expressive MIDI," Paper 7862, (2009 October.). doi:
Abstract: MIDI renderings of audio are traditionally regarded as lifeless and unnatural - lacking in expression. However, MIDI is simply a protocol for controlling a synthesizer. Lack of expression is caused by either an expressionless synthesizer or by the difficulty in setting the MIDI parameters to provide expressive output. We have developed a system to construct an expressive MIDI representation of an audio signal, i.e. an audio representation which uses tailored pitch variations in addition to the note base pitch parameters which audio-to-MIDI systems usually attempt. A pitch envelope is estimated from the original audio, and a genetic algorithm is then used to estimate pitch modulator parameters from that envelope. These pitch modulations are encoded in a MIDI file and rerendered using a sampler. We present some initial comparisons between the final output audio and the estimated pitch envelopes.

@article{welburn2009rendering,
author={welburn, stephen j. and plumbley, mark d.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={rendering audio using expressive midi},
year={2009},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={october},} @article{welburn2009rendering,
author={welburn, stephen j. and plumbley, mark d.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={rendering audio using expressive midi},
year={2009},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={october},
abstract={midi renderings of audio are traditionally regarded as lifeless and unnatural - lacking in expression. however, midi is simply a protocol for controlling a synthesizer. lack of expression is caused by either an expressionless synthesizer or by the difficulty in setting the midi parameters to provide expressive output. we have developed a system to construct an expressive midi representation of an audio signal, i.e. an audio representation which uses tailored pitch variations in addition to the note base pitch parameters which audio-to-midi systems usually attempt. a pitch envelope is estimated from the original audio, and a genetic algorithm is then used to estimate pitch modulator parameters from that envelope. these pitch modulations are encoded in a midi file and rerendered using a sampler. we present some initial comparisons between the final output audio and the estimated pitch envelopes.},}

TY - paper
TI - Rendering Audio Using Expressive MIDI
SP - EP -
AU - Welburn, Stephen J.
AU - Plumbley, Mark D.
PY - 2009
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - October 2009 TY - paper
TI - Rendering Audio Using Expressive MIDI
SP - EP -
AU - Welburn, Stephen J.
AU - Plumbley, Mark D.
PY - 2009
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - October 2009
AB - MIDI renderings of audio are traditionally regarded as lifeless and unnatural - lacking in expression. However, MIDI is simply a protocol for controlling a synthesizer. Lack of expression is caused by either an expressionless synthesizer or by the difficulty in setting the MIDI parameters to provide expressive output. We have developed a system to construct an expressive MIDI representation of an audio signal, i.e. an audio representation which uses tailored pitch variations in addition to the note base pitch parameters which audio-to-MIDI systems usually attempt. A pitch envelope is estimated from the original audio, and a genetic algorithm is then used to estimate pitch modulator parameters from that envelope. These pitch modulations are encoded in a MIDI file and rerendered using a sampler. We present some initial comparisons between the final output audio and the estimated pitch envelopes.