This paper describes a novel auditory distance display that uses prerecorded speech samples to simulate the loudness and vocal effort of a live talker at distances ranging from 0.25 m to 64 m from the listener. The speech samples were recorded from six talkers at vocal efforts ranging from a quiet whisper to a loud shout and were carefully processed to reproduce the same audio signal at the listener's ears as a live talker at the simulated distance location. Listening tests showed that the perceived distances of the stimuli were compressed relative to the simulated distances of the talkers, but that changes in the vocal effort of the talker reliably produced large changes in the apparent distance of the utterance.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=9131
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