To design a low round-off noise crossover filter with simple structure, such as the D2 form, offers a great challenge, especially when the frequency of interest is very low compared to the sampling frequency. This paper introduces error spectrum shaping (ESS) techniques along with the state space computation of ESS coefficients and noise gain. Several examples show that the ESS techniques can be successfully applied to the Linkwitz-Riley filter topology to significantly reduce the finite word-length effects, while at the same time preserving the computational efficiency.
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