The Duplex theory of sound localization is a useful principle for guiding trade-offs between realistic production vs implementation complexity for virtual auditory environments. However, there are exceptions to this theory in the psychoacoustic literature that should be noted. One exception is that sensitivity to an interaural time difference (ITD) can be improved when either low-frequency amplitude modulation (AM) or frequency modulation (FM) is introduced into a high frequency tone. This paper presents results from a psychoacoustic experiment that show that having both AM and FM greatly improves sensitivity to high-frequency ITDs compared to AM or FM alone when presented in incoherent broadband noise. The implications of these findings to the generation of virtual auditory environments are discussed.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=19681
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