This paper clarifies some of the confusion, which has arisen over the efficacy of dither in PCM and Sigma-Delta Modulation (SDM) systems. It presents a means of analyzing "in-band" idle tone structure using chaos theory and describes a fair means of comparison between PCM and SDM. It presents results, which show that dither can be effective in SDM systems.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=11251
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