120th AES Convention - Paris, France - Dates: Saturday May 20 - Tuesday May 23, 2006 - Porte de Versailles

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AES Paris 2006


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Last Updated: 20060424, mei

P5 - Posters: Microphones

Saturday, May 20, 14:00 — 15:30

P5-1 P-MOS FET Application for Silicon Condenser MicrophonesNorihiro Arimura, Juro Ohga, Shibaura Institute of Technology - Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Norio Kimura, Yoshinobu Yasuno, Panasonic Semiconductor Device Solutions Co., Ltd. - Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Electret Condenser Microphones (ECM) are widely used as general microphone devices. Each year the miniaturization and voltage lowering for the cellular phone’s power consumption is improved. Although the current ECM has progressed to be small and thin, the FET has not been designed as low-voltage operation in spite of small packaging. This paper pays attention to the P-MOS FET of the low current consumption for miniaturization and the improvement in performance by using CMOS process. The authors designed and tested prototype microphone units and performed comparisons on a basic performance with the conventional ECM.

[Poster Presentation Associated with Paper Presentation P1-3]
Convention Paper 6636 (Purchase now)

P5-2 Development of a Super-Wide-Range MicrophoneKazuho Ono, Hayao Tanabe, Masakazu Iwaki, Akio Ando, NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories - Kinuta Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Keishi Imanaga, Sanken Microphone Co. Ltd. - Suginami-ku, Tokyo, Japan
This paper describes the development of a low-noise, high-sensitivity microphone with a wide frequency range. Microphones of this kind are needed to provide high quality sound sources for use in studies on the perceptual discrimination between musical sounds with and without very high frequency components. Conventional electrostatic microphones cannot be used for such recordings because conventional methods for expanding the frequency range use a small diaphragm that degrades the S/N ratio. The proposed microphone has a new design in which the frequency range is expanded in two ways, using both the diffraction and the resonance due to the microphone’s diaphragm. These effects are generally thought to define the upper limit of the frequency range, but the authors have made active use of them to achieve both a wide frequency range and high sensitivity. The body shape was designed with the help of a scale model study. An omnidirectional, electrostatic microphone that picks up sounds of up to 100-kHz with low noise has been developed.

[Poster Presentation Associated with Paper Presentation P1-4]
Convention Paper 6637 (Purchase now)

P5-3 Listening Broadband Physical Model for Microphones: A First StepLaurent Millot, Université Paris - Paris, France, ENS Louis-Lumiere, Noisy Le Grand, France; Antoine Valette, Manuel Lopes, ENS Louis-Lumiere - Noisy Le Grand, France; Gérard Pelé, Université Paris - Paris, France, ENS Louis-Lumiere, Noisy Le Grand, France; Mohammed Elliq, ENS Louis-Lumiere - Noisy Le Grand, France; Dominique Lambert, Université Paris - Paris, France, ENS Louis-Lumiere, Noisy Le Grand, France
We will present the first step in the design of a broadband physical model for microphones. Within the proposed model, classical directivity patterns (omnidirectionnal, bidirectional, and cardioids family) are found as limit cases: monochromatic excitation, low frequency, and far-field approximation. Monophonic pieces of music are used as sources for the model so we can listen to the simulation of the associated recorded sound field in real time thanks to a Max/MSP application. Listening and subband analysis show that the directivity is a function of frequent subband and source location. This model also exhibits an interesting proximity effect. Audio demonstrations will be given.

[Poster Presentation Associated with Paper Presentation P1-5]
Convention Paper 6638 (Purchase now)

P5-4 Measuring the Perceived Differences between Similar High-Quality MicrophonesDouglas McKinnie, Consultant - Guildford, Surrey, UK
Microphones of similar construction and polar-pattern that can be equalized to have nearly identical on-axis frequency response still are reported to have different sonic character. To help develop a model of how other physical measurements could predict the subjective sonic character, perceptual data was collected from a panel of listeners. The listeners individually made dissimilarity ratings of pair-wise comparisons of nine versions of a single piano performance. Each version was recorded with a different model of small-diaphragm cardioid condenser microphone. The data was collected in order to derive a stimulus space showing the most salient dimensions upon which the perceived timbre of the microphones differed.

[Poster Presentation Associated with Paper Presentation P1-6]
Convention Paper 6639 (Purchase now)

P5-5 Influence of Components Precision on Characteristics of Dual Microphone ArraysAlexander Valitov, Alango Ltd. - St. Petersburg, Russia; Alexander Goldin, Alango Ltd. - Haifa, Israel
Microphone arrays have great potential in practical applications due to their ability for significant improvement in speech quality and signal-to-noise ratio in noisy environments. Large numbers of scientific papers and patents have been devoted to different algorithmic techniques for producing optimal output of microphone arrays using different optimization criteria. However, in practice performance of microphone arrays to a large extent depend on the quality of their components such as amplitude matching, phase matching, error in distance between microphones, etc. This paper analyses dependence of dual microphone array characteristics on the above factors.

[Poster Presentation Associated with Paper Presentation P1-8]
Convention Paper 6641 (Purchase now)

P5-6 Sound Quality Differences between Electret Film (EMFIT) and Piezoelectric Under-Saddle Guitar PickupsMiikka Tikander, Henri Penttinen, Helsinki University of Technology - Espoo, Finland
Two different types of under-saddle guitar pickups, piezoelectric and electret film (EMFIT) were measured and compared. The measurements included comparisons of magnitude, time, and phase responses, distortion and noise characteristics. The measurements were conducted with a custom rig that allowed accurate control of the environment. For excitation both frequency sweeps and impulsive stimuli were used. As for the magnitude response, the piezoelectric pickup has a boosted bass response and a slightly pronounced high frequency response. The results also imply nonlinear behavior as a function of both the excitation type (sweep vs. impulsive) and the amount of excitation force (small vs. large). In addition, the piezoelectric microphone is fairly immune to tension changes, whereas sensitivity of the EMFT microphone increases as the tension decreases. For time responses excited impulsively the only differences were found at the beginning of the responses. The distortion and noise characteristics of the measurements imply that the EMFIT microphone has slightly more distortion and a slightly higher noise floor. A linear filter model is also proposed for making either microphone sound like the other.
Convention Paper 6669 (Purchase now)


   
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