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H. Ogawa, and KE. A.. Immink, "EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System," Paper Rye-013, (1982 June.). doi: H. Ogawa, and KE. A.. Immink, "EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System," Paper Rye-013, (1982 June.). doi:
Abstract: The modulation method employed in the Compact Disc CD) digital audio system codeveloped by Philips N.V. (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and Sony Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) is described. This method, called eight-to-fourteen (EFM), is an 8 (data bit) ( 14 (channel bit) conversion block code with a space of 3 channel bits for every converted 14 channel bits which is used to connect the blocks. These 3 channel bits, called merging bits, are selectable, enabling the suppression of the low-frequency contents of the frequency spectrum.: First some of the major conditions are listed which are required of the modulation method used for recording/reproducing digital audio signals on an optical disk. The various parameters of EFM as a modulation method are explained in the second part, proving the suitability of EFM for optical disks. An actual example explains the method in detail; a frequency spectrum is also given to enhance understanding.: EFM is well matched with the error-correction method CIRC employed in the CD. The combination of these two methods plays an important role in stably reproducing a 2-channel 16-bit audio signal on a 12-cm-diameter optical disk for more than playing time, single sided.

@article{ogawa1982efm-the,
author={ogawa, hiroshi and immink, kees a.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={efm-the modulation method for the compact disc digital audio system},
year={1982},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={june},} @article{ogawa1982efm-the,
author={ogawa, hiroshi and immink, kees a.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={efm-the modulation method for the compact disc digital audio system},
year={1982},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={june},
abstract={the modulation method employed in the compact disc cd) digital audio system codeveloped by philips n.v. (eindhoven, the netherlands) and sony corporation (tokyo, japan) is described. this method, called eight-to-fourteen (efm), is an 8 (data bit) ( 14 (channel bit) conversion block code with a space of 3 channel bits for every converted 14 channel bits which is used to connect the blocks. these 3 channel bits, called merging bits, are selectable, enabling the suppression of the low-frequency contents of the frequency spectrum.: first some of the major conditions are listed which are required of the modulation method used for recording/reproducing digital audio signals on an optical disk. the various parameters of efm as a modulation method are explained in the second part, proving the suitability of efm for optical disks. an actual example explains the method in detail; a frequency spectrum is also given to enhance understanding.: efm is well matched with the error-correction method circ employed in the cd. the combination of these two methods plays an important role in stably reproducing a 2-channel 16-bit audio signal on a 12-cm-diameter optical disk for more than playing time, single sided.},}

TY - paper
TI - EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
SP - EP -
AU - Ogawa, Hiroshi
AU - Immink, Kees A.
PY - 1982
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - June 1982 TY - paper
TI - EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
SP - EP -
AU - Ogawa, Hiroshi
AU - Immink, Kees A.
PY - 1982
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - June 1982
AB - The modulation method employed in the Compact Disc CD) digital audio system codeveloped by Philips N.V. (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and Sony Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) is described. This method, called eight-to-fourteen (EFM), is an 8 (data bit) ( 14 (channel bit) conversion block code with a space of 3 channel bits for every converted 14 channel bits which is used to connect the blocks. These 3 channel bits, called merging bits, are selectable, enabling the suppression of the low-frequency contents of the frequency spectrum.: First some of the major conditions are listed which are required of the modulation method used for recording/reproducing digital audio signals on an optical disk. The various parameters of EFM as a modulation method are explained in the second part, proving the suitability of EFM for optical disks. An actual example explains the method in detail; a frequency spectrum is also given to enhance understanding.: EFM is well matched with the error-correction method CIRC employed in the CD. The combination of these two methods plays an important role in stably reproducing a 2-channel 16-bit audio signal on a 12-cm-diameter optical disk for more than playing time, single sided.