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D.. (D. Keele, "An Efficiency Constant Comparison Between Low-Frequency Horns and Direct-Radiators," Paper 1127, (1976 May.). doi: D.. (D. Keele, "An Efficiency Constant Comparison Between Low-Frequency Horns and Direct-Radiators," Paper 1127, (1976 May.). doi:
Abstract: Evaluation of the efficiency constant for exponential horns reveals that the horn is quite wasteful in its use of enclosed volume when compared to direct-radiator systems. The main advantage of horns lies in the realizability of rather high efficiencies in the 10% to 40% range which is beyond the capabilities of most direct radiators. Use of direct radiators in arrays increases the low frequency efficiency but not without a decrease of high frequency bandwidth. The areas discussed in this paper are illustrated by comparative experimental measurements on three low frequency systems: 1) A dual driver front loaded folded horn, 2) a single driver direct radiator vented-box system, and 3) a four-driver vented-box system consisting of a 2x2 array of a single driver system of item #2.

@article{keele1976an,
author={keele, jr., d. b. (don)},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={an efficiency constant comparison between low-frequency horns and direct-radiators},
year={1976},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={may},} @article{keele1976an,
author={keele, jr., d. b. (don)},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={an efficiency constant comparison between low-frequency horns and direct-radiators},
year={1976},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
doi={},
month={may},
abstract={evaluation of the efficiency constant for exponential horns reveals that the horn is quite wasteful in its use of enclosed volume when compared to direct-radiator systems. the main advantage of horns lies in the realizability of rather high efficiencies in the 10% to 40% range which is beyond the capabilities of most direct radiators. use of direct radiators in arrays increases the low frequency efficiency but not without a decrease of high frequency bandwidth. the areas discussed in this paper are illustrated by comparative experimental measurements on three low frequency systems: 1) a dual driver front loaded folded horn, 2) a single driver direct radiator vented-box system, and 3) a four-driver vented-box system consisting of a 2x2 array of a single driver system of item #2.},}

TY - paper
TI - An Efficiency Constant Comparison Between Low-Frequency Horns and Direct-Radiators
SP - EP -
AU - Keele, Jr., D. B. (Don)
PY - 1976
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - May 1976 TY - paper
TI - An Efficiency Constant Comparison Between Low-Frequency Horns and Direct-Radiators
SP - EP -
AU - Keele, Jr., D. B. (Don)
PY - 1976
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS -
VO -
VL -
Y1 - May 1976
AB - Evaluation of the efficiency constant for exponential horns reveals that the horn is quite wasteful in its use of enclosed volume when compared to direct-radiator systems. The main advantage of horns lies in the realizability of rather high efficiencies in the 10% to 40% range which is beyond the capabilities of most direct radiators. Use of direct radiators in arrays increases the low frequency efficiency but not without a decrease of high frequency bandwidth. The areas discussed in this paper are illustrated by comparative experimental measurements on three low frequency systems: 1) A dual driver front loaded folded horn, 2) a single driver direct radiator vented-box system, and 3) a four-driver vented-box system consisting of a 2x2 array of a single driver system of item #2.