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O. Munroe, A. Novak, and L. Simon, "Reluctance Force Modeling and Compensation," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 177-184, (2022 March.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0054 O. Munroe, A. Novak, and L. Simon, "Reluctance Force Modeling and Compensation," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 70 Issue 3 pp. 177-184, (2022 March.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0054
Abstract: In the case of an electrodynamic loudspeaker, the reluctance force is purely a nonlinear addition to the Lorentz force. It generates second harmonic and intermodulation distortions and very low--frequency components in the force applied to the moving assembly. Being able to accurately model and then compensate this force is one of the building blocks for a feedforward system designed to linearize an electrodynamic loudspeaker. This work investigates the reluctance force formulation and proposes a more accurate model for motor structures with a shorting ring and compensation algorithm that does not require root finding or model inversions. The compensation is applied to two drive units and shown to reduce both harmonic and intermodulation distortion by around 18 dB between direct current and 1 kHz. Compensation results using parameters fitted to measured and simulated electrical impedances are compared. Finally there is a brief discussion on the implications of the results for shorting ring design.

@article{munroe2022reluctance,
author={munroe, oliver and novak, antonin and simon, laurent},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={reluctance force modeling and compensation},
year={2022},
volume={70},
number={3},
pages={177-184},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0054},
month={march},} @article{munroe2022reluctance,
author={munroe, oliver and novak, antonin and simon, laurent},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={reluctance force modeling and compensation},
year={2022},
volume={70},
number={3},
pages={177-184},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0054},
month={march},
abstract={in the case of an electrodynamic loudspeaker, the reluctance force is purely a nonlinear addition to the lorentz force. it generates second harmonic and intermodulation distortions and very low--frequency components in the force applied to the moving assembly. being able to accurately model and then compensate this force is one of the building blocks for a feedforward system designed to linearize an electrodynamic loudspeaker. this work investigates the reluctance force formulation and proposes a more accurate model for motor structures with a shorting ring and compensation algorithm that does not require root finding or model inversions. the compensation is applied to two drive units and shown to reduce both harmonic and intermodulation distortion by around 18 db between direct current and 1 khz. compensation results using parameters fitted to measured and simulated electrical impedances are compared. finally there is a brief discussion on the implications of the results for shorting ring design.},}

TY - paper
TI - Reluctance Force Modeling and Compensation
SP - 177 EP - 184
AU - Munroe, Oliver
AU - Novak, Antonin
AU - Simon, Laurent
PY - 2022
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 3
VO - 70
VL - 70
Y1 - March 2022 TY - paper
TI - Reluctance Force Modeling and Compensation
SP - 177 EP - 184
AU - Munroe, Oliver
AU - Novak, Antonin
AU - Simon, Laurent
PY - 2022
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 3
VO - 70
VL - 70
Y1 - March 2022
AB - In the case of an electrodynamic loudspeaker, the reluctance force is purely a nonlinear addition to the Lorentz force. It generates second harmonic and intermodulation distortions and very low--frequency components in the force applied to the moving assembly. Being able to accurately model and then compensate this force is one of the building blocks for a feedforward system designed to linearize an electrodynamic loudspeaker. This work investigates the reluctance force formulation and proposes a more accurate model for motor structures with a shorting ring and compensation algorithm that does not require root finding or model inversions. The compensation is applied to two drive units and shown to reduce both harmonic and intermodulation distortion by around 18 dB between direct current and 1 kHz. Compensation results using parameters fitted to measured and simulated electrical impedances are compared. Finally there is a brief discussion on the implications of the results for shorting ring design.