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Y. El Baba, A. Walther, and EM. P.. Habets, "Schottky's Law of Low-Frequency Reception for Modern Sensitivity Conventions," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 860-870, (2021 November.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0033 Y. El Baba, A. Walther, and EM. P.. Habets, "Schottky's Law of Low-Frequency Reception for Modern Sensitivity Conventions," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 69 Issue 11 pp. 860-870, (2021 November.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0033
Abstract: Acoustic reciprocity is a well-known and established concept, first proposed by Helmholtz and Rayleigh in the late 19th century. Acoustic path reciprocity has been extensively studied in the context of impulse response measurements as it allows us to interchange the locations of sensors and receivers without affecting the measurement. Electro-acoustic transducer reciprocity (also referred to as transducer reversibility) has been less studied. This work presents a literature overview of the science behind acoustic transducer reciprocity, namely Schottky's law of low-frequency reception,‡ and proposes a variant of this law that accounts for modern loudspeaker sensitivity conventions.While the proposed variant applies to all reversible transducer designs, a concrete specification is given for electro-dynamic moving-coil transducers. Furthermore a joint empirical validation of the original and proposed variants of the law is presented. Finally a hybrid empirical-theoretical scheme is proposed that uses the measured frequency response of the transducer used non-reciprocally along with Schottky's lawto predict the frequency response of the transducer used reciprocally.

@article{el baba2021schottky's,
author={el baba, youssef and walther, andreas and habets, emanuël a. p.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={schottky's law of low-frequency reception for modern sensitivity conventions},
year={2021},
volume={69},
number={11},
pages={860-870},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0033},
month={november},} @article{el baba2021schottky's,
author={el baba, youssef and walther, andreas and habets, emanuël a. p.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={schottky's law of low-frequency reception for modern sensitivity conventions},
year={2021},
volume={69},
number={11},
pages={860-870},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0033},
month={november},
abstract={acoustic reciprocity is a well-known and established concept, first proposed by helmholtz and rayleigh in the late 19th century. acoustic path reciprocity has been extensively studied in the context of impulse response measurements as it allows us to interchange the locations of sensors and receivers without affecting the measurement. electro-acoustic transducer reciprocity (also referred to as transducer reversibility) has been less studied. this work presents a literature overview of the science behind acoustic transducer reciprocity, namely schottky's law of low-frequency reception,‡ and proposes a variant of this law that accounts for modern loudspeaker sensitivity conventions.while the proposed variant applies to all reversible transducer designs, a concrete specification is given for electro-dynamic moving-coil transducers. furthermore a joint empirical validation of the original and proposed variants of the law is presented. finally a hybrid empirical-theoretical scheme is proposed that uses the measured frequency response of the transducer used non-reciprocally along with schottky's lawto predict the frequency response of the transducer used reciprocally.},}

TY - paper
TI - Schottky's Law of Low-Frequency Reception for Modern Sensitivity Conventions
SP - 860 EP - 870
AU - El Baba, Youssef
AU - Walther, Andreas
AU - Habets, Emanuël A. P.
PY - 2021
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 11
VO - 69
VL - 69
Y1 - November 2021 TY - paper
TI - Schottky's Law of Low-Frequency Reception for Modern Sensitivity Conventions
SP - 860 EP - 870
AU - El Baba, Youssef
AU - Walther, Andreas
AU - Habets, Emanuël A. P.
PY - 2021
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 11
VO - 69
VL - 69
Y1 - November 2021
AB - Acoustic reciprocity is a well-known and established concept, first proposed by Helmholtz and Rayleigh in the late 19th century. Acoustic path reciprocity has been extensively studied in the context of impulse response measurements as it allows us to interchange the locations of sensors and receivers without affecting the measurement. Electro-acoustic transducer reciprocity (also referred to as transducer reversibility) has been less studied. This work presents a literature overview of the science behind acoustic transducer reciprocity, namely Schottky's law of low-frequency reception,‡ and proposes a variant of this law that accounts for modern loudspeaker sensitivity conventions.While the proposed variant applies to all reversible transducer designs, a concrete specification is given for electro-dynamic moving-coil transducers. Furthermore a joint empirical validation of the original and proposed variants of the law is presented. Finally a hybrid empirical-theoretical scheme is proposed that uses the measured frequency response of the transducer used non-reciprocally along with Schottky's lawto predict the frequency response of the transducer used reciprocally.