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R. Mo, RI. Y.. So, and A. Horner, "An Investigation into How Reverberation Effects the Space of Instrument Emotional Characteristics," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 988-1002, (2016 December.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0054 R. Mo, RI. Y.. So, and A. Horner, "An Investigation into How Reverberation Effects the Space of Instrument Emotional Characteristics," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 64 Issue 12 pp. 988-1002, (2016 December.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0054
Abstract: Previous research has shown that musical instruments have distinctive emotional characteristics and that these characteristics can be significantly changed with reverberation. This research examines if the changes in character are relatively uniform or dependent on the instrument. A comparison of eight sustained instrument tones with different amounts and lengths of simple parametric reverberation over eight emotional characteristics was performed. The results showed a remarkable consistency in listener rankings of the instruments for each of the different types of reverberation with strong correlations ranging from 90 to 95%. This indicates that the underlying instrument space for emotional characteristics does not change significantly with reverberation. Each instrument has a particular footprint of emotional characteristics. Tested instruments cluster into two fairly distinctive groups: those where the positive energetic emotional characteristics are strong (e.g., oboe, trumpet, violin), and those where the low-arousal characteristics are strong (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, lute, horn). The saxophone was an outlier, and is somewhat strong for most emotional characteristics.

@article{mo2016an,
author={mo, ronald and so, richard h. y. and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={an investigation into how reverberation effects the space of instrument emotional characteristics},
year={2016},
volume={64},
number={12},
pages={988-1002},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0054},
month={december},} @article{mo2016an,
author={mo, ronald and so, richard h. y. and horner, andrew},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={an investigation into how reverberation effects the space of instrument emotional characteristics},
year={2016},
volume={64},
number={12},
pages={988-1002},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0054},
month={december},
abstract={previous research has shown that musical instruments have distinctive emotional characteristics and that these characteristics can be significantly changed with reverberation. this research examines if the changes in character are relatively uniform or dependent on the instrument. a comparison of eight sustained instrument tones with different amounts and lengths of simple parametric reverberation over eight emotional characteristics was performed. the results showed a remarkable consistency in listener rankings of the instruments for each of the different types of reverberation with strong correlations ranging from 90 to 95%. this indicates that the underlying instrument space for emotional characteristics does not change significantly with reverberation. each instrument has a particular footprint of emotional characteristics. tested instruments cluster into two fairly distinctive groups: those where the positive energetic emotional characteristics are strong (e.g., oboe, trumpet, violin), and those where the low-arousal characteristics are strong (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, lute, horn). the saxophone was an outlier, and is somewhat strong for most emotional characteristics.},}

TY - paper
TI - An Investigation into How Reverberation Effects the Space of Instrument Emotional Characteristics
SP - 988 EP - 1002
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - So, Richard H. Y.
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2016
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 12
VO - 64
VL - 64
Y1 - December 2016 TY - paper
TI - An Investigation into How Reverberation Effects the Space of Instrument Emotional Characteristics
SP - 988 EP - 1002
AU - Mo, Ronald
AU - So, Richard H. Y.
AU - Horner, Andrew
PY - 2016
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 12
VO - 64
VL - 64
Y1 - December 2016
AB - Previous research has shown that musical instruments have distinctive emotional characteristics and that these characteristics can be significantly changed with reverberation. This research examines if the changes in character are relatively uniform or dependent on the instrument. A comparison of eight sustained instrument tones with different amounts and lengths of simple parametric reverberation over eight emotional characteristics was performed. The results showed a remarkable consistency in listener rankings of the instruments for each of the different types of reverberation with strong correlations ranging from 90 to 95%. This indicates that the underlying instrument space for emotional characteristics does not change significantly with reverberation. Each instrument has a particular footprint of emotional characteristics. Tested instruments cluster into two fairly distinctive groups: those where the positive energetic emotional characteristics are strong (e.g., oboe, trumpet, violin), and those where the low-arousal characteristics are strong (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, lute, horn). The saxophone was an outlier, and is somewhat strong for most emotional characteristics.