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ST. H.. Nease, AA. D.. Lanterman, and JE. O.. Hasler, "A Transistor Ladder Voltage-Controlled Filter Implemented on a Field Programmable Analog Array," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 611-618, (2014 September.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2014.0032 ST. H.. Nease, AA. D.. Lanterman, and JE. O.. Hasler, "A Transistor Ladder Voltage-Controlled Filter Implemented on a Field Programmable Analog Array," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 62 Issue 9 pp. 611-618, (2014 September.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2014.0032
Abstract: Because some audio enthusiasts argue that analog systems have more warmth than digital implementations, analog circuits are still of interest in music synthesis. The recent development of Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) offers a way to connect analog components together in an arbitrary fashion on a mixed-signal CMOS chip. This allows for the creation of analog synthesizers with the ease of rapid reconfigurability, a property associated with their digital counterpart. The authors use an FPAA to implement a particular voltage-controlled filter, the transistor ladder. The FPAA consists of three primary blocks: (1) the Computational Analog Block (CAB), a physical grouping of analog circuits that serve as computation elements; (2) the Switch Matrix (SM) that allows local routing between elements inside a CAB, as well as routing between CABs; and (3) the Programmer, which selects a floating-gate device in the SM and allows each devices to be turned on, off, or in between. Multiple CABs and SMs are arrayed in a single FPAA, allowing for large, reprogrammable analog systems.

@article{nease2014a,
author={nease, stephen h. and lanterman, aaron d. and hasler, jennifer o.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={a transistor ladder voltage-controlled filter implemented on a field programmable analog array},
year={2014},
volume={62},
number={9},
pages={611-618},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2014.0032},
month={september},} @article{nease2014a,
author={nease, stephen h. and lanterman, aaron d. and hasler, jennifer o.},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={a transistor ladder voltage-controlled filter implemented on a field programmable analog array},
year={2014},
volume={62},
number={9},
pages={611-618},
doi={https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2014.0032},
month={september},
abstract={because some audio enthusiasts argue that analog systems have more warmth than digital implementations, analog circuits are still of interest in music synthesis. the recent development of field-programmable analog arrays (fpaas) offers a way to connect analog components together in an arbitrary fashion on a mixed-signal cmos chip. this allows for the creation of analog synthesizers with the ease of rapid reconfigurability, a property associated with their digital counterpart. the authors use an fpaa to implement a particular voltage-controlled filter, the transistor ladder. the fpaa consists of three primary blocks: (1) the computational analog block (cab), a physical grouping of analog circuits that serve as computation elements; (2) the switch matrix (sm) that allows local routing between elements inside a cab, as well as routing between cabs; and (3) the programmer, which selects a floating-gate device in the sm and allows each devices to be turned on, off, or in between. multiple cabs and sms are arrayed in a single fpaa, allowing for large, reprogrammable analog systems.},}

TY - report
TI - A Transistor Ladder Voltage-Controlled Filter Implemented on a Field Programmable Analog Array
SP - 611 EP - 618
AU - Nease, Stephen H.
AU - Lanterman, Aaron D.
AU - Hasler, Jennifer O.
PY - 2014
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 9
VO - 62
VL - 62
Y1 - September 2014 TY - report
TI - A Transistor Ladder Voltage-Controlled Filter Implemented on a Field Programmable Analog Array
SP - 611 EP - 618
AU - Nease, Stephen H.
AU - Lanterman, Aaron D.
AU - Hasler, Jennifer O.
PY - 2014
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 9
VO - 62
VL - 62
Y1 - September 2014
AB - Because some audio enthusiasts argue that analog systems have more warmth than digital implementations, analog circuits are still of interest in music synthesis. The recent development of Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) offers a way to connect analog components together in an arbitrary fashion on a mixed-signal CMOS chip. This allows for the creation of analog synthesizers with the ease of rapid reconfigurability, a property associated with their digital counterpart. The authors use an FPAA to implement a particular voltage-controlled filter, the transistor ladder. The FPAA consists of three primary blocks: (1) the Computational Analog Block (CAB), a physical grouping of analog circuits that serve as computation elements; (2) the Switch Matrix (SM) that allows local routing between elements inside a CAB, as well as routing between CABs; and (3) the Programmer, which selects a floating-gate device in the SM and allows each devices to be turned on, off, or in between. Multiple CABs and SMs are arrayed in a single FPAA, allowing for large, reprogrammable analog systems.