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V. Lazzarini, and J. Timoney, "Theory and Practice of Modified Frequency Modulation Synthesis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 459-471, (2010 June.). doi: V. Lazzarini, and J. Timoney, "Theory and Practice of Modified Frequency Modulation Synthesis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 58 Issue 6 pp. 459-471, (2010 June.). doi:
Abstract: Frequency modulation synthesis of musical instruments has been studied for years and its limitations are well known. By modifying the basic closed-form equations to work in the complex domain, an alternative method that can overcome some of these limitations is presented. The proposed approach provides a smoothly evolving spectrum with regard to variations in modulation index. A phase-synchronous version is discussed with application to resonant and formant synthesis. A comparison with the classical frequency modulation approach illustrates its advantages. Adaptive applications of the algorithm are introduced and explored.

@article{lazzarini2010theory,
author={lazzarini, victor and timoney, joseph},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={theory and practice of modified frequency modulation synthesis},
year={2010},
volume={58},
number={6},
pages={459-471},
doi={},
month={june},} @article{lazzarini2010theory,
author={lazzarini, victor and timoney, joseph},
journal={journal of the audio engineering society},
title={theory and practice of modified frequency modulation synthesis},
year={2010},
volume={58},
number={6},
pages={459-471},
doi={},
month={june},
abstract={frequency modulation synthesis of musical instruments has been studied for years and its limitations are well known. by modifying the basic closed-form equations to work in the complex domain, an alternative method that can overcome some of these limitations is presented. the proposed approach provides a smoothly evolving spectrum with regard to variations in modulation index. a phase-synchronous version is discussed with application to resonant and formant synthesis. a comparison with the classical frequency modulation approach illustrates its advantages. adaptive applications of the algorithm are introduced and explored.},}

TY - paper
TI - Theory and Practice of Modified Frequency Modulation Synthesis
SP - 459 EP - 471
AU - Lazzarini, Victor
AU - Timoney, Joseph
PY - 2010
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 6
VO - 58
VL - 58
Y1 - June 2010 TY - paper
TI - Theory and Practice of Modified Frequency Modulation Synthesis
SP - 459 EP - 471
AU - Lazzarini, Victor
AU - Timoney, Joseph
PY - 2010
JO - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
IS - 6
VO - 58
VL - 58
Y1 - June 2010
AB - Frequency modulation synthesis of musical instruments has been studied for years and its limitations are well known. By modifying the basic closed-form equations to work in the complex domain, an alternative method that can overcome some of these limitations is presented. The proposed approach provides a smoothly evolving spectrum with regard to variations in modulation index. A phase-synchronous version is discussed with application to resonant and formant synthesis. A comparison with the classical frequency modulation approach illustrates its advantages. Adaptive applications of the algorithm are introduced and explored.