AES 123rd Convention - Where Audio Comes Alive
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AES New York 2007
Paper Session P20

P20 - Applications in Audio, Part 1

Monday, October 8, 9:30 am — 12:00 pm
Chair: Michael Kelly, Sony Computer Entertainment Europe - London, UK

P20-1 A Study of Hearing Damage Caused by Personal MP3 PlayersAdriano Farina, Liceo Ginnasio statale G.D. Romagnosi - Parma, Italy
This paper aims to assess the actual in-hear sound pressure level during use of mp3 players. The method is based on standard EN 50332 (100 dB as maximum SPL), IEC 60959 (HATS), and IEC 60711 (ear simulators), as explained in the January 2007 issue of the Bruel and Kjaer Magazine (page 13). In this study a number of MP3 players were tested, employing a dummy head and a software for spectrum analysis. The measurements were aimed to assess the hearing damage risk for youngsters who employ an MP3 player for several hours/day. The students of an Italian high school (15 to 18 years old) were asked to supply their personal devices for testing, leaving untouched the gain from the last usage. The results show that the risk of hearing damage is real for many of the devices tested, which revealed to be capable of reproducing average sound pressure levels well above the risk threshold.
Convention Paper 7283 (Purchase now)

P20-2 Electret Receiver for In-Ear EarphoneShu-Ru Lin, Dar-Ming Chiang, I-Chen Lee, Yan-Ren Chen, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) - Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
This paper presents an electret receiver developed for in-ear earphones. The electret diaphragm is fabricated by a nano-porous fluoropolymer and charged by the corona method at room temperature. The electret diaphragm is driven to vibrate as a piston motion and sound by the electrostatic force while the audio signal is applied. The influence factors, such as electrostatic charge quantities of electret diaphragm and distance between the electrode plate and diaphragm, are investigated to promote the output sound pressure level of the in-ear earphone. An enclosure with resonators is also designed to improve the efficient performance of the in-ear earphone. Consequently, the output sound pressure inside the 2cc coupler can be lifted to exceed 105 dB at 1 kHz with the driving voltage of sound signal Vpp=±3V and remarkably enlarge the output sound pressure level response at low frequency.
Convention Paper 7284 (Purchase now)

P20-3 New Generation Artificial LarynxAndrzej Czyzewski, Gdansk University of Technology - Gdansk, Poland, and Excellence Center, PROKSIM, Warsaw, Poland; Piotr Odya, Gdansk University of Technology - Gdansk, Poland; Bozena Kostek, Gdansk University of Technology - Gdansk, Poland, and Excellence Center, PROKSIM, Warsaw, Poland; Piotr Szczuko, Gdansk University of Technology - Gdansk, Poland
The aim of the presented paper is to show a new generation of devices for laryngectomy patients. The artificial larynx has many disadvantages. The major problem is a background noise caused by the device. There are two different approaches to solve this task. The first one focuses on the artificial larynx. The artificial larynx engineered was equipped with a digital processor and an amplifier. Two algorithms, namely spectral subtraction algorithm and the comb filter, were proposed for noise reduction. The second approach employs PDA to generate speech. A speech synthesis is performed, allowing for playing back any sentence, therefore any text can be entered by a user and played through PDA speaker.
Convention Paper 7285 (Purchase now)

P20-4 A Graphical Method for Studying Spectra Containing Harmonics and Other PatternsPalmyra Catravas, Union College - Schenectady, NY, USA
A technique for identifying and characterizing patterns in spectra is described. Multiple harmonic series, odd and even harmonics, and missing modes produce identifiable signatures. Motion enhances visual recognition of systematic effects. The technique is adapted for use with more complicated, inharmonic spectral patterns.
Convention Paper 7286 (Purchase now)

P20-5 Immersive Auditory Environments for Teaching and LearningElizabeth Parvin, New York University - New York, NY, USA
3-D audio simulations allow for the creation of immersive auditory environments for enhanced and alternative interactive learning. Several supporting teaching and learning philosophies are presented. Experimental research and literature on spatial cognition and sound perception provide further backing. Museums, schools, research and training facilities, as well as online educational websites all significantly can benefit from its use. Design dependence on project purpose, content, and audience is explored. An example installation is discussed.
Convention Paper 7287 (Purchase now)


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