This paper focuses on the acoustical parameters of a directional electrostatic microphone which can be optimized for higher sensitivity. A simple lumped parameters analog circuit was used to get insights into the behavior of the microphone in the low frequencies. The deviation of the directivity pattern from the cardioid case has been studied, and a frequency limit for directivity control is defined. Diffraction effects as well as impedance matching were used to improve the performance of the microphone at higher frequencies. The combined technique applied to a low-cost microphone cell provided a sensitivity improvement of 13 dB for the speech frequency range.:
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=9263
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