Power panning relies on the creation of phantom images. Outside a narrow listening sweet spot, there can be only as many consistent directions obtained as the number of loudspeaker channels, i.e., positions not depending on phantom images. Source localization in the 5.1 format may be enhanced if panning is not only based on level but also involves room rendering utilizing multidirectional reflections. As an added benefit the listening sweet spot can be widened, thereby giving the whole 5.1 idea more advantages over traditional two-channel reproduction. The paper discusses experiences from film and music production incorporating room rendering into the panning, especially how the image stabilization with integrated room rendering can be used as a tool to involve the listener in ways not possible before.:
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=9095
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