Multi-dimension vector quantization (MD VQ) is proposed which compromises the performance achievable with unconstrained VQ but provides useful and favorable tradeoffs between performance and complexity. MD VQ is introduced in a Musicam (ISO/MPEG-1 Layer II) coding scheme in order to improve its performance and preserve the bandwidth of the audio signal at low bit rates (below 64 kbit/s/ch). Average distortion was traded against codebook storage for a given search complexity and rate in a high-quality audio coder. This technique leads to a substantial reduction in the overall bit rate and codebook storage for the audio coder.
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