We present a method for automatic detection of samples in hip-hop music. A sample is defined as a short extraction from a source audio corpus that may have been embedded into another audio mixture. A series of non-negative matrix factorizations are applied to spectrograms of hip-hop music and the source material from a master corpus. The factorizations result in matrices of base spectra and amplitude envelopes for the original and mixed audio. Each window of the mixed audio is compared to the original audio clip by examining the extracted amplitude envelopes. Several image-similarity metrics are employed to determine how closely the samples and mixed amplitude envelopes match. Preliminary testing indicates that, distinct from existing audio fingerprinting algorithms, the algorithm we describe is able to confirm instances of sampling in a hip-hop music mixture that the untrained listener is frequently unable to detect.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16752
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.
Learn more about the AES E-Library
Start a discussion about this paper!
