Modulation distortion in loudspeakers consists of amplitude modulation distortion (AMD) and frequency modulation distortion (FMD); the effective sum of these is the total modulation distortion (TMD). It appears that the first-order side frequencies are due mainly to frequency modulation and the second-order sideband frequencies are due to amplitude modulation. Small direct-radiator loudspeakers typically display large AMD and relatively less FMD, while horn loudspeakers display small FMD and negligible AMD.

Author: Klipsch, Paul W.
Affiliation: Klipsch and Associates, Inc., Hope, AR
JAES Volume 18 Issue 1 pp. 29-33; February 1970
Publication Date: February 1, 1970 Import into BibTeX
Permalink: https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=1529

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