Bit reservoir controlling the bits budget among music frames has been the kernel module to have good bit-quality tradeoff in current audio encoders like MP3 and AAC. The approaches of bit reservoirs can be investigated from demand-driven approach and budget-driven one. Demand-driven approach determines the required bits according to the audio contents while budget-driven one allocates bits according to the bit budgets accumulated in the bit reservoir. Existing bit reservoirs follow basically the budget-driven approach. This paper presents an efficient bit reservoir design with concerns from both demand and budget. The bit reservoir includes a demand estimator to adaptively predict the bits required for each frame. Also, the bit reservoir has a budget regulator to control the bits used according to the codec protocol and the preferred scenario. The new bit reservoir method is included in MP3 and AAC to verify the efficiency through extensive objective and subjective tests.
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