Proper restoration of historic disc recordings is assisted by an accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the equipment used in the recording process. This paper traces the evolution of electro-mechanical disc cutting heads from the early 1920's to the last models. Use is made of the electro-mechanical equivalent circuits to analyse the performance of moving iron, moving coil and motional feedback types.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=12582
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