Phase intermodulation (PIM) in audio amplifiers, particularly that which may arise from the use of negative feedback, is considered. Coherent SMPTE-IM instrumentation capable of resolving two nanoseconds of equivalent time dispersion and measurement results from several different real amplifiers are presented. The results show that PIM is not a problem in contemporary amplifiers and that negative feedback reduces total PIM in most cases.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=11912
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