Overall loudness variations such as the distance between soft and loud scenes of a movie are known as macrodynamics and can be quantified with the Loudness Range measure. Microdynamics, in contrast, concern variations on a (much) finer time-scale. In this study six types of objective measures—some based on loudness level, some based on peak-to-average ratio—were evaluated against perceived microdynamics. A novel measure LDR, based on the maximum difference between a “fast” and a “slow” loudness level, had the strongest perceptual correlation. Peak-to-average ratio (or crest factor) type of measures had little or no correlation. The ratings of perceived microdynamics were obtained in a listening experiment, with stimuli consisting of music and speech of different dynamical properties.
https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=17464
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