This paper describes audio signal processing techniques in designing multi-channel filters for reproducing an arbitrary spatial directivity pattern with a typical loudspeaker array. In designing the multi-channel filters, some design criteria based on, for example least-squares methods and the maximum energy array are introduced as non-iterative optimization techniques with a lower computational complexity. The abilities of the criteria are firstly evaluated with a given loudspeaker configuration for reproducing a desired acoustic property in a spatial area of interest. Also additional constraints are considered to impose for minimizing the error between the amplitudes of actual and the desired spatial directivity pattern. Their limitations in practical applications are revealed by experimental demonstrations, and finally some guidelines are proposed in designing optimal filters.
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